Training materials for teachers of learners with severe, profound and complex learning difficulties: level D

We are educating a new generation of children in the 21st century with a 20th-century toolkit.

Carpenter, 2012

The learning difficulties population in the UK (1)

In 2007, Emerson and Hatton reported that the number of children assessed with severe and complex needs in one local authority between 1984 and 2001 had doubled. Meanwhile, Blackburn, Spencer and Read (2010) noted the rise in the number of families recognised as having a disabled child from 700,000 in 2004 to 950,000 in 2010.

The Department for Children, Schools and Families recorded a 5.1% rise in the number of children with SLD
and a 29.7% rise in the number of children with PMLD
between 2004 and 2009 (DCSF, 2010). In 2006, head teachers of SLD schools
reported that recent years had seen a 'larger PMLD population and a substantial increase in the number of pupils with extremely challenging behaviour' (Ofsted, 2006).

These comments have been largely supported by a series of studies examining who attends SLD schools, conducted by Male (1996) and Male and Rayner (2007 and 2009).

The learning difficulties population in the UK (2)

Despite recent rises in the overall numbers of children with SLD
and PMLD, the actual numbers in England remain relatively small. The latest estimates in 2012 are of approximately 34,000 children with SLD and 12,000
children with PMLD.

This compares to a mainstream population of around 8.2 million. As a whole, children with SLD and PMLD constitute around 0.5% of the school population (DCSF, 2010).

It's recognised that these figures are inexact, since there is no nationally agreed definition of either condition, but they are broadly accurate as at 2012.

Categorisation

Carpenter, Cockbill, Egerton and English (2010) suggest an ever-increasing complexity in the learning difficulties population. This change in population has given rise to the new category within special educational needs terminology: Complex Learning Difficulties and Disabilities (CLDD).

Children with CLDD include those with co-existing conditions (eg autism and ADHD), or profound and multiple learning disabilities. They also include children who have newly begun to populate our schools – among them those with difficulties arising from premature birth who have survived infancy due to medical advances; those with disabilities arising from parental substance and alcohol abuse; and those with rare chromosomal disorders.

Many may also be affected by compounding factors such as multisensory impairment or mental ill-health, or require invasive procedures, such as supported nutrition, assisted ventilation and rescue medication.

Some questions

Watch the video clip of Prof. Barry Carpenter giving a lecture at the Schools Network Annual Conference, then consider the following questions:

How does your school monitor the needs profile of children and track this changing profile over time?
What significant differences have you observed, if any, over the past ten years? What about the past 20 years?
How has your curriculum evolved to respond to any changes you have observed? In particular, how has your curriculum and practice responded to the evidence that increasing numbers of children have two or more coexisting conditions?
Have you addressed what Carpenter refers to as 'pedagogical reconciliation'?

Find out more (1)

Blackburn, C. M., Spencer, N. J. and Read, J. M. (2010) Prevalence of Childhood Disability and the Characteristics and Circumstances of Disabled Children in the UK. BMC Pediatrics

Carpenter, B., Cockbill, B., Egerton, J. and English, J. (2010) Children with Complex Learning Difficulties and Disabilities: Developing Meaningful Pathways to Personalised Learning. The SLD Experience. 58: 3-10.

DCSF (2010) Salt Review: Independent Review of Teacher Supply for Pupils with Severe, Profound and Multiple Learning Difficulties, Annesley: DCSF Publications.

Emerson, E. and Hatton, C. (2007) The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents with Learning Disabilities in Britain, London: Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities.

Find out more (2)

Male, D.B. (1996). Who goes to SLD schools? Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 9 (4) 307-323.

Male, D.B. and Rayner, M. (2007) Who goes to SLD schools? Aspects of Policy and Provision for Pupils with Profound and Multiple Learning Difficulties who Attend Special Schools in England. British Journal of Learning Support.

Male, D.B. and Rayner, M. (2009) Who Goes to Special Schools? Educational & Child Psychology (2009) Vol. 26 No. 4

Ofsted (2006) Inclusion: Does it Matter Where Pupils are Taught? London: Ofsted.

Rose, R. (1998) 'The Curriculum. A vehicle for inclusion or a lever for exclusion?' in Tilstone, C., Florian, L. and Rose, R. (ed.) Promoting Inclusive Practice. London: Routledge.